Free radicals are extremely unstable and become stable by pairing an outer shell electron with biomolecules, for example, lipids, proteins, and DNA.
But, xanthine oxidase and respiratory chain of mitochondria are the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Free radicals are mainly produced from these sources in the body: ubisemiquinone in the mitochondrial membrane, xanthine oxidase of endothelial cells, and myeloperoxidase and NADPH oxidase of neutrophils. Introductionįree radicals are the major by-products produced by the cells of aerobic organisms and can start the autocatalytic reactions and spread the chain of damage by reacting with molecules and converting them into free radicals. chinensis exhibited antioxidant activity by the presence of free radical quenching constituents. Presence of three known phenolic compounds, that is, rutin, tannin, and gallic acid, and three unknown compounds was verified in thin layer chromatographic assessment of PCEB. However, PCEB exhibited protective behaviour for lungs and thyroid, with improved histological structure in a dose dependant manner. Similarly, histology of CCl 4 treated thyroid tissues displayed damaged thyroid follicles, hypertrophy, and colloidal depletion. Histological study of CCl 4 treated rats showed various lung injuries like rupture of alveolar walls and bronchioles, aggregation of fibroblasts, and disorganized Clara cells. Decrease in number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and hemoglobin and T 3 and T 4 content as well as increase in monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes count with CCl 4 were restored to normal level with PCEB treatment.
PCEB dose dependently inhibited the rise of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, and protein content and restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes, that is, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and quinone reductase in both lung and thyroid tissues of CCl 4 treated rats. In the current study protective effect of ethanol extract of Pistacia chinensis bark (PCEB) was investigated in rats against CCl 4 induced lung and thyroid injuries.
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